نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسنده English
In most definitions of the science of meanings (ʿIlm al-Maʿānī) in early works on rhetoric, the requirement of the rhetorical situation (īqtiḍāʾ al-ḥāl) holds a fundamental position. The importance of the requirements of the situation in rhetoric is to the extent that, according to Sakaki, the eloquence and inelegance of speech is determined by its conformity or non-conformity with the requirements of the rhetorical situation. In recent decades, there has been a growing trend in academic research to find parallels between classical rhetorical theories and modern linguistic frameworks. Among these, Roman Jacobsen’s theory of linguistic functions has received considerable attention, due to the applicability of his views on language functions and their roles beyond the Western context. However, it is necessary to bear in mind that the development of the rhetorical tradition of the Islamic period does not have structural and content similarities with the modern approaches of contemporary linguistics. The similarities between the two remain at the same level of resemblance and do not extend to the realm of concepts and general principles. Examining the most important views of on the requirements of the rhetorical situation, the present article has endeavored to examine the possible compatibility or conflict of traditional rhetoric with Jacobson's theory of linguistic functions. The findings of this article indicate that there is difference in the philosophical foundations of Jacobsen's communication model with the requirements of the situation in traditional rhetoric. Without understanding this fundamental difference, claims of the similarity or overlap between Jakobson’s theory and traditional rhetorical approaches would be unwarranted. Despite some structural similarities between Jacobsen's communication model and the requirements of the rhetorical situation, these structural similarities cannot be extended to the general foundations of traditional rhetoric. Using Jacobsen's model of communication to provide a precise and theoretically grounded interpretation of ancient texts based on theory would not be particularly illuminating.
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