نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
2 دانشجوی دکتری زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی،تهران،ایران (نویسنده مسئول)
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Hermeneutics and the potentiality to be denoted and interpreted in different meanings is one of the main features of literary texts and a result of using figurative language or literal figures. One of the methods to obtain the mentioned goal is irony as a kind of two dimensional statements which surprises the reader. A sort of contradictory in meaning is noticed in ironical utterance which develops the contradictory in meaning of the text. irony is a useful literary device to indicate a reality behind the outward appearance of the behavior and utterance of the characters . it is observed in the works of Attar and particularly his well-known book, Manteq ot-Teyr [Conference of the Birds]. Beside the usage of irony the writer succeeded to lead the atmosphere of the story toward its Gnostic aim with the use of many contrasts. Attar uses rhetoric in general and contrast and irony in particular to indicate his Gnostic complex experiences and creating a Gnostic atmosphere .
He has been able to present mystical concepts in simple and plausible language by usage of ironic language. direct language does not have proper capacity to express the sublime truth that is manifested in Attar's works. For this reason, he has created a suitable context for using variety of ironies: especially structural irony to express his concepts by turning to allegorical and symbolic expression.
Irony in Sheikh Sanan's story is more than a rhetorical figure and is used as a structural element in the expression of mystical views. The high frequency of structural irony in the story confirms this well. The three types of irony (verbal, structural and dramatic) are clearly observed in the structure and text of Sheikh Sanan's story. Attar is able to express the mystical concepts such as the need to stay away from arrogance and pride in mystical behavior.avoiding selfishness and cunning, the inevitability of having a benevolent and benevolent disciple, the superiority of true love over physical by good use of ironic types. His movement from the imagery to the truth is the same as the movement that takes place in Irony from appearance to reality; Therefore, in his works, we are faced with a variety of ironies.
The present research intends to indicate samples of contrasts and ironies in Sheikh Sanan story and with a qualitative and quantitative analysis method tries to study their role in development of the story.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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