Imagery Poetics in Analysis of Nima Yoshij’s Romantic Discourse

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Phd student of ilam University

2 Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.

Abstract

Although romanticism is a literary school, it can also be considered as a literary discourse since it creates a particular perspective and a special world in the sphere of human thought. Nima Yoshij is one of the first proponents of such a discourse in contemporary Persian poetry. He has showcased his commitment to such a view in some of his poems and has created images in them that are in line with the dominant thought in the intellectual space of the poem. The results of this study show that Nima, with his accurate knowledge of Western literary schools, has consciously composed poems in which the characteristics of Romanticism can be easily found. Also, the images in these poems are naturalistic, nostalgic, individualistic, imaginative, and anti-rationalist, which declare their harmony and cadence with the dominant discourse of the poem.

Keywords


  • -Aghajani, Shams (2020/1399sh). “Literary Lessons”(Dars haye AdabI), First Edition. Tehran: Mania Honar.

    • Eagleton, Terry (2018/1397sh), “How to Read Poetry‌?”(Chegoune shear bekhanim?). translated by Peyman Chehrazi. second edition. Tehran: Agah.
    • -Baraheni, Reza (1965/1344sh), “Gold in Copper” (in poetry), first edition, Tehran: Chehr Printing House.

    -‌Bahrampour Omran, Ahmad Reza (2018/1397sh), “Throughout the Night (Review of Nima Yoshij)”(dar tamameh toule shab), Second Edition, Tehran: Morvarid.

    -‌Servat, Mansour‌ (2006/1385sh), “Introduction to Literary Schools” (Maktabhaye adabi), First Edition, Tehran: Sokhan.-‌Jorkesh, Shapoor (2011/1390sh). “Poetics of New Poetry

    • Another Look at Nima Yoshij's Theory and Poetry”(Boutighayeh sheare now, Third Edition, Tehran: Phoenix.-‌Jafari Jazi, Massoud (1999/1378sh), “The Course of Romanticism in Europe”(seyreh romantism dar oroupa), First Edition, Tehran: Center.
    • -‌Hosseinpour Jafi, Ali (2011/1390sh), Contemporary Persian Poetry Currents from the Coup (1332) to the Revolution (1375)(Jaryanshenasiye sheare moaser), First Edition, Tehran: Amirkabir.
    • -‌Hosseini, Sara et al. (2021/1400sh), “A Study and Analysis of the Image of Phoenix Poetry by Nima Yoshij”(Tahlile vajhe tasviriye ghoghnous az nima youshij), Journal of Literary Criticism and Rhetoric, Volume 10, Number 2, pp. 102-75.
    • -Hoghoughi, Mohammad (2015/1394sh),” New Poetry from the Beginning to Today (Volume One)”(sheare now az aghaz ta aknoun), Third Edition, Tehran: Third.
    • - Hoghoughi, Mohammad (2018/1397sh), “Poetry of our time (Nima Yoshij)”(sheare zamane ma. Nima toushij), 11th edition, Tehran: Negah.
    • -‌Hamidian, Saeed (2002/1381sh), “The Story of Transformation (The Transformation Process of Nima Yoshij's Poetry)”(Dastane degardisi), First Edition, Tehran: Niloufar.
    • -Zarghani, Mehdi (2015/1394sh), “Perspectives on Contemporary Iranian Poetry”(cheshm andaze sheare moasere iran), Fifth Edition, Tehran: Third.
    • -‌Zabihunia Imran, Asia (2012/1391sh), “The Influence and Influence of the Romantic Hugo, Moses and Lamartine on the Myth of Nima”(taasir va nofouze romantice hugo mose va lamartin bar afsaneye nima), Journal of Lyrical Literature, Volume 10, Number 19, pp. 76-55.
    • -‌Seyed Hosseini, Reza (2008/1387sh), “Literary Schools”(maktabhaye adabi), Volume 2, Fifteenth Edition, Tehran: Negah.
    • -‌Shafiee Kadkani, Mohammad Reza (1996/1375sh), “Imaginations in Persian Poetry; Critical research on the evolution of images of Persian poetry and the course of rhetoric theory in Islam and Iran”(sovareh khial dar sheare farsi), sixth edition, Tehran: Agah.
    • -Shafiee Kodkani, Mohammad Reza (2015/1394sh), “with lights and mirrors (in search of the roots of the evolution of contemporary Iranian poetry)”(BA cheragho ayeneh), fifth edition, Tehran: Sokhan.
    • -Shams Langroudi, Mohammad (1998/1377SH), “Analytical History of New Poetry”(TARIKHE tahliliye sheare now), Volume One, Second Edition, Tehran: Center.   
    • -‌Aali Abbasabad, Yousef (2011/1390sh), “The flow of contemporary poetry”(Jaryanshenasiye sheare moaser), first edition, Tehran: Sokhan. 
    • -‌Fotouhi, Mahmoud (2006/1385sh), “Picture Rhetoric”(Belaghate tasvir), First Edition, Tehran: Sokhan.-‌Fotouhi, Mahmoud and Maryam Alinejad (2007/1386sh), “Nima's Innovation in the Internal Form of Persian Poetry”(now avariye nima dae forme daeouniye sheare farsi), Quarterly Journal of Literary Research, pp. 116-103.
    • -‌Karimi, Farzad (2012/1391sh), “A New Narration on an Old Tablet”(Ravayati tazeh bar lowhe kohan), First Edition, Tehran: Qatreh.-‌Kiani Barbaroushi, Haleh and Gholamreza Pirooz (2020/1399sh), “A Critical Analysis of the Application of the School of Romanticism in the Course of Contemporary Iranian Poetry”(Tahlile enteghdiye karbaste maktabe romantim dar jaryanshenasiye shere moasere farsi), Quarterly Journal of Literary Criticism, Vol. 13, No. 49, pp. 203-169.
    • -Mohammadpour, Mohammad Amin and Ali Asghar Babasafari (2015/1396sh), “A Study of the Content Characteristics of Romanticism in Houshang Ebtehaj's Poetry”(barresiye vizhegiyhaye mohtavaei romantism dar shear houshange ebtehaj), Quarterly Journal of Linguistic and Rhetorical Studies, Volume 6, Number 11, pp. 142-121.
    • -‌Mokhtari, Mohammad (1993/1372sh),” Man in Contemporary Poetry”(ensan dar shear moaser), Tehran: Toos.-Yoshij, Nima (2014/1393sh), “Letters”, Tehran: Negah.-Yoshij, Nima (2018/1397sh), “Complete Collection of Poems”(majmoueh kamele ashar), Tehran: Negah.