Compound Political-Lyrical Images in Mirzā Ghahramān Malāyeri's Sonnets

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran

10.22075/jlrs.2025.36830.2607

Abstract

Persian poets have always used various literary tools and techniques as the subject of their artistic practices. One of these literary elements is imagery, which has many aesthetic values. Mirzā Ghahramān Pākbin Malāyeri, knowing the importance of poetic images in enriching the literary essence of poetry, has also used this artistic element. This research aims to study poetic images in Mirzā Ghahramān Malāyeri's sonnet using a descriptive-analytical method to introduce the audience to a new and unknown type of poetic imagery that has been neglected so far. The result of the research indicates that one of Malāyeri's techniques is the combination of lyrical and political images to create of a new type of image, which we have named "compound image" in the present study. In a single verse, the poet presents political themes and events of his era in the form of literary images and artistically and synthetically blends these political images with lyrical images, creating a composite image with high frequency, which can be said to be unprecedented in Persian literature. These two images have the same value in terms of aesthetics and meaning and are equal in terms of scope. And, these images are so intertwined that the reader cannot easily prefer one over the other. The innovative combination of these two types of images reinforces ambiguity in the image and challenges the mind with inherently high artistic value.

Keywords

References

- Abrahamian, Y (2000). Iran between two revolutions, from the Constitutional period to the Islamic revolution. P 14. Tehran: Markaz.
- Akhiani, J; Momeni Hazavah, A (2023). "Symmetry of Images (Hidden Symmetry) in Hafez's Poetry". Research Journal of Literary Texts of the Iraqi Period. 3 (1). 1-12.
- Al-Bustani, M (1994). Islam and Art. Translated by Hossein Saberi. Mashhad: Islamic Research Foundation.
- Amanat, A (2022). The Qajar Era and the Longing for the Farang. Translated by Kazem Firouzmand. P 1. London: Mehri.
- Amiri, S (2016). Reflection of socio-political themes in the poems of Mirza Ghahraman Pakbin Malayeri. Master's thesis. Supervisor: Rasoul Heydari. Lorestan University.
- Anvari, H (2003). Great Dictionary of Sokhan. 8 volumes. P 2. Tehran: Sokhan.
- Aqeli, B (1996). A Calendar of Iranian History from the Constitutional Constitution to the Islamic Revolution. Tehran: Gofar.
- Bahar, M. T (2007). A Brief History of Iranian Political Parties, P 3. Tehran: Amirkabir.
- Baraheni, R (1992). Tala dar Mes (in Poem and Poetry). 3 volumes. P 3. Tehran. Nevisandeh.
- Barthes, R (1989). Interpretive Criticism. Translated by Mohammad Taqi Ghiyashi. P 1. Tehran: Bozorgmehr.
- Dad, S (1994). Dictionary of Literary Terms: A Dictionary of Persian and European Literary Concepts and Terms.P 9. Tehran: Morvarid.
- Dastgir, E; Abdoli, A (2015). "A Study of the Social Foundations of Imagination in Hafez Shirazi's Sonnets". International Conference on Literary Essays, Language and Cultural Relations.
- Farshidvard, K (1933). About Literature and Literary Criticism. Tehran: AmirKabir.
- Fotohi, M (2002). "Fantasy image". Journal of the Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Tabriz. 45 (127). 103-133.
- Fotohi, M (2023). The Rhetoric of Image. P 2. Tehran: Sokhan.
- Ghadiani, A (1937). A Comprehensive Dictionary of Iranian History from the Beginning to the End of the Qajar Period. P 1. Tehran: Javdan Kherad.
- Group of Writers (2015). History of Legislative Parliamentins in Iran (From the Constitutional Era to the Victory of the Islamic Revolution). Tehran: Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly.
- Hafez, Sh (1970). Divan Hafez, P 1, Ghazals. Edited and explained by Parviz Natel Khanlari. 1 edition. Tehran: Kharazmi.
- Heydari, R; Amiri, S (1999). "New Approaches to Education and Training in the Poetry of the Constitutional Poet. Mirza Ghahraman Pakbin Malayeri" Research Journal of Educational Literature. 13(49). 172-202.
- Ibn Tabataba' al-Alawi, M (1982). Ayyar al-Sha'ar. First edition. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilamiyah.
- Jahiz, O (1969). Al-Haywan. Edited by Abd al-Salam Harun. P 3. Beirut: Al-Majma' al-Arabi al-Islami.
- Jorjani, A (2009). Asrar Albalagheh. Translated by Jalil Tajlil. P 5. Tehran: University of Tehran.
- Kermani, N (1938). History of the Awakening of the Iranians. P 8. Tehran: AmirKabir.
- Khorramshahi, B (1999). Hafeznameh. 2nd edition, P 11. Tehran: Elmi va Farhangi.
- Malekzadeh, M (1994). History of the Constitutional Revolution of Iran. 7 vol. P 4. Tehran: Elmi.
- Markham, C (1938). History of Iran in the Qajar Period. Translated by Mirza Rahim Farzaneh. P 1. Tehran: Culture of Iran.
- Mcdonough, F (2022). Hitler and the Rise of the Nazi Party. P 3. Tehran: Ney.
- Mehraki, I; Basirpour, M (2006). "The Origin of Socio-Political Images in the Poetry of Saeb Tabrizi". Studies in Lyrical Language and Literature. 6 (20). 21-30.
- Mirsadeghi, M (2006). Dictionary of the Art of Poetry (Detailed Dictionary of Terms in Poetry, Its Styles and Schools). P 3. Tehran: Ketab-e Mahnaz.
- Morvarid, Y (1938). From the Constitutional Era to the Republic: A Look at the Periods of Legislative Parliamentins in the Constitutional Era. 3 vol. P 1. Tehran: Owhadi
- Najmi, N (1991). From Seyyed Zia to Bazargan. Tehran: Golshaei.
- Nouri Ala, I (1969). Images and Objects in Contemporary Iranian Poetry. P 1. Tehran: Bamdad.
- Nowrozi, Y (2015), “A Look at Shamloo’s Sources of Inspiration in Imagery”. Linguistic-Rhetorical Studies. 6 (11). 143-164.
- Pakbin Malayeri, Gh (2005). Koliyat of Ghahraman. Edited and Researched by Mohammad Hossein Foroughi. P 1. Tehran: Kiyanmehr.
- Sabzian, S; Kazazi, M (2009). Dictionary of Literary Theory and Criticism (Literary Vocabulary and Related Fields). P 1. Tehran: Morvarid.
- Safavi, K (2023). An Introduction to Semantics.  P 7. Tehran: Sooreye Mehr.
- Salehizadeh, K (2022). A Study of Aspects of Tradition and Modernity in the Poetry of Mirza Ghahraman Pakbin Malayeri. Master's Thesis. Supervisor: Rasoul Heydari. Lorestan University.
- Sarafi, M (2009). "Rhetorical images of Expression in Persian Poetry". Journal of Educational Literature (Persian Language and Literature Research). 1 (1). 107-132.
- Shafi'i-Kedkani, M (2012). Imagination in Persian Poetry (Critical Research on the Evolution of Persian Poetry Images and the Course of Rhetoric Theory in Islam and Iran). P 15. Tehran. Agah.
- Shamim, A (2006). Iran during the Qajar Dynasty. P 11. Tehran: Modaber.
- Shamisa, S (2005). A New Look at Badi'.P 14. Tehran: Ferdows.
- Shamisa, S (2010). Poetry Stylistics. 2nd Edition. P 4. Tehran: Mitra.
- Shoghi Nobar, A (2010). "Nesting Imaginations in Hafez's Poetry". Persian Language and Literature Journal. 6 (3). 53-66.
- Taheri, H (2024). "Image in Image (A Study in Interlinked Images Based on Hafez's Sonnets)". Journal of Literary Criticism and Rhetoric. 12 (29). 19-40.
- Zarrinkoob, A (1988). Collection of Articles.P 1. Tehran: Elmi.
-Anousheh, H (2002). Persian Literary Dictionary (Encyclopedia of Persian Literature, Terms, Topics and Themes of Persian Literature). Supervised by Hassan Anousheh. Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance.
-Behnamfar, M; Talaei, Z (2014). "Allusive Image Compositions Inspired by Verses, Hadiths and Myths in Khaqani's Poems". Linguistic-Rhetorical Studies. 5 (9). 79-108.
-Borqei, S. M. B (2007). Famous Contemporary Iranian Poets, P 1, Tehran: Dar al-Elam.
-Ettehidayah, M (1935). The Parliament and Elections from the Constitutional period to the end of the Qajar period. P 1. Tehran: History of Iran.
-Haghighat, A (1989). Dictionary of Persian Language Poets. 1 edition. Tehran: Authors and Translators of Iran.
-Shoekro, H (2017(. The Fall of the Empire and the Birth of the Republic: A Look at the Role of Atatürk in the Emergence of Turkey. Translated by Reza Javadi. Tehran: Loh-e Fekr.
Journal Of Linguistic and Rhetorical Studies
Volume 16, Issue 41
In Progress
September 2025
Pages 333-362

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics