Clarifying some complications in Khaghani’s poems in the framework of linguistic interference

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD student of Persian Language and Literature, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.

2 Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran (corresponding author)

3 Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.

10.22075/jlrs.2023.32063.2361

Abstract

Khāqāni’s poetry stands out in Persian poetry for its abundance of images, interpretations and concepts which makes his poems difficult to understand and  explain. Though, there have been valuable researches explaining the much more complicated aspects of the poems of this renowned Persian poet, there are still a great number of expressions and interpretations in his poems which have not been understood accurately. The hypothesis behind the present study is that part of the difficulty in understanding Khāqāni’s poetry is the phenomenon of linguistic interference. As one of the consequences of bilingualism, linguistic interferences refers to the (unconscious) influence of the speaker's mother tongue on her/his second language. It also includes the presence of regional beliefs and cultural characteristics in the speaker's speech and writing in second language. Based on the aforementioned hypothesis, the present study focuses on words, sentences, interpretations and idioms in Khāqāni’s poetry which could be understood only by considering their Turkish counterpart. Considering that Khāqāni is from Azerbaijan, and his poetry is written in Persian; there have been many historical discussions about the language of Azerbaijan in his time (12 AD). Away from such considerations, this study solely focuses on his own text to investigate the complications and problems in Khāqāni’s poetry, some of which are due to the poet's linguistic interference.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

-Ardalan Javan, S. A (1994), Poetic Manifestation of Historical and Religious Myths and Narrations in Khaghani's Poems, 2th Ed, Mashhad: Astan Qods Razavi.
-Asghari,Bayqut, Yousof (2020), My san san saying Turk (Reviewing the reflection Turkish language and culture in khaghani’s Divan), Persian Language and Literature, 72(240): 1-21.
-Amiri Mehr, Hasan, Jamileh Akhyani, Moharram Eslami and Amir Mo’meni Hazaveh (2021), ‘Unconscious linguistic interference’ An unknown phenomenon in Khaghani’s poetry, Comparative linguistic research, No 24: 52-53.
-Barzegar Khaleqi, M, R (2016), Sharh-e Divan-e Khaqani (Vol.1), Tehran: Zavvar.
-Barzegar Khaleqi, M, R (2018), Sharh-e Divan-e Khaqani (Vol.2), Tehran: Zavvar.
-Barzegar KhaleqiBehzad, Behzadi (1990), Azerbaijani-Persian Dictionary, Two Volumes, Tehran: Donya.
-Calvet, Louis-Jean (2000), La Sociolinguistiquie, translated by Mohammad Jafar Puyandeh, Tehran: Naghsh Jahan.
-Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar (1998), Dictionary, Tehran: University of Tehran.
-Eslami, M (2020), "Linguistic interference of Azeri in Persian." Language and Linguistics 16(32): 61-75.
-Este'lami, M (2008), Criticizing and explanation of Khaghani's poems, Two Volumes, Tehran: Zavvar.
-Fazilat, M (2010), A look at Bilingualism in Khaghani’s Compound Words, Boostan Adab, 1 (1), 161-172.
-Foruzanfar, B (2008), Sokhan va sokhanvaran (poem and poets), Tehran: Zavvar.
-Hosseini Vardanjani, S. M (2020), "A Review and Critisizing the Description of Odes of Khaqani by Mohammad Reza Barzegar Khaleqi” (Volume II). Critical Studies in Texts & Programs of Human Sciences and Council for the Study of Humanities Texts and Books 20 (4): 127-154.
-Emami, Nasrollah (2008), Armaghan Sobh (Selected poems of Khaghani Sharvani) , 4th Ed, Tehran: Jami.
-Hadi, Esm’il (2021), Dil Deniz (Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary), 5th Ed, Tabriz: Akhtar.
-Kashgari, M (1996), Divan Loghat al-Turk, Translated by the Mohammad Dabir Siyaghi, First Edition, Tehran: Research Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.
-Kasravi, Ahmad (1946), Azari or The Ancient Language of Azerbaijan, 3th Ed.
-Kazzazi, Mir Jalaluddin (2010), Gozaresh-e dushvarihaye divan-e Khaghani (explaining the problems in Khaghani’s Divan), 6th Ed, Tehran: Markaz.
-Khaghani Shervani, A (2020), Divan of Khaghani, Edited by Zia ul-Din Sajjadi, 12th Ed, Tehran: Zavvar.
-Khaghani Sharvani, A (1996), Divan of Khaghani, Edited by Mir Jalaluddin Kazzazi, 1th Ed, Tehran: Markaz.
-Khaghani Sharvani, A (1978), Divan of Khaghani, Edited by Ali Abd ul-Rasouli, Tehran: Khayyam.
-Mahouzi, Mahdi (1998), Atash Andar Chang, Tehran: Sokhan.
-Mohammadebrahimi, Samad (2009), The Influence of the Turkish Language on the Persian Language, Master’s Thesis, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Payam Noor University of Tehran.
-Mohammadzadah Sadiq, Hoseyn (2000), Yademanha –ye- Torki –ye- Bastan, 1th Ed, Tehran: Nakhlha –ye- Sorkh.
- Maʹdankan, Masoumeh (2008), Jam-e Aʹrous-e Khavari (Description of Six Odes from divan khaghani), 1th Ed, Tehran: University of Tehran.
-Mahyar, A (2013), Sehr-e Bayan-e Khaghani, 9th Ed, Karaj: Jam - e- Gol.
-Mahyar, A (2009), Malek-e Molk-e Sokhan (Explanation of Khaghani's Poems), 1th Ed, Tehran, Sokhan.
-Mahyar, A (1997), A Selection of Khaghani’s Poems, 5th Ed, Tehran: Ghatreh.
-Mujiruddin Beylqani, (1979), Divan, Correction of Mohammad Abadi, Tabriz: Institute of History and culture of Iran.
-Natiq, Naseh (1979), Azerbaijan Language and National Unity of Iran, Tehran: Mahmoud Afshar Foundation.
-Nasimi, Emaduddin (2020), Divan of Turkish Poems, Edited by Hoseyn Mohammadzadah Sadiq, 5th Ed, Tabriz: Akhtar.
-Nasimi, Emaduddin (1993), Life and Poems of Emaduddin Nasimi, by Yadollah Jalali Pendari, 1th Ed, Tehran: Ney.
-Noruzi, Ya’qub (2019), specifications of the poems of poets in evaluating the authenticity of the editions (the case in Divan of Khaghani), Journal of Linguistic and Rhetorical Studies, 11, No. 21, 445-470.
-Rezvaniyan, Qodsiyyeh (2018), studying the reason and the way of using inappropriate language by students, Journal of Linguistic and Rhetorical Studies, 10, No.19, 213-232.
-Rezayti Kishe Khale, Moharram, Maryam Danaye Tousi and Kiyumars Khanbabazadeh (2020), Syntactic Interference among Talishi-Persian and Persian-Talishi Bilinguals, Persian Language and Iranian Dialects, 4(2): 63- 98.
-Sadeghinezhad, Ramin (2003), Ta'ammoli dar Nim-Adam - e- khaghani, Baharestan - e- Sokhan, No 1: 9-18.
-Sa'di, Mosleh al-Din (1984), Koliate Sa'adi, Correction of Mohammad Ali Foroughi, Tehran: Amir Kabir.
-Sajjadi, Z (2014), Farhang-e Loqat va Taʹbirat-e Divan-e Khaqani Sharvani, Tehran: Zavvar.
-Shahryar, Mohammad Hoseyn (2009), Koliate Ashare Turki - ye- Shahryar, Correction of Hamid Mohammadzadeh, 24th Ed, Tehran: Amir Kabir.
-Torki, Mohammad Reza (2015), naqd-e seyrafian, 1th Ed, Tehran: Sokhan.
-Torki, Mohammad Reza (2019), The Secret of Khaghani’s Elegant Words, Tehran: Samt.
-Vejdani, Farideh (2002) Turkish in Persian, Journal of enhancing Persian Language and Literature, 16 (63), 38-42.
-Zare Shahmarasi, Parviz (2008), Turkish-Persian Dictionary of Shahmarasi, 1th Ed, Tabriz: akhtar.
-Zare Shahmarasi, Parviz (2015), Comprehensive Dictionary (Turkish- Persian), Two Volumes, Qazvin: Azarmidokht.
-Zehtabi, Mohammad Taghi (2005), The Ancient History of the Turks of Iran, translated by Ali Ahmadian Saray, 3th Ed, Tabriz: Akhtar.
The Journal Of Linguistic and Rhetorical Studies
Volume 15, Issue 36
July 2024
Pages 223-246

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics