Examining the structure of images in the sonnets of the return period

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Persian Language and Literature, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran: Correspondence author

2 Associate Professor, Persian Language and Literature, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.

10.22075/jlrs.2023.30338.2266

Abstract

The general judgments regarding the quality of the poetry in the return period are general and hypothetical, and their proof needs more and more detailed investigations. The structure of the poetic image is a collection of various rhetorical materials that resulted by the special vision and language of each poet; In other words, the result of analyzing the geometry of a poetic image will be various art structures that have played a role in the formation of that structure. One of the necessary tools for a thorough examination is the knowledge of stylistics, which, with its two characteristics of frequency and analogy, is a good criterion for examining the poetry of poets of any period. The current research, which is written in a quantitative-statistical way and with a stylistic approach and by examining the geometry of the images of the sonnets of six prominent poets of the return period (Mushtaq Esfahani, Hatef Esfahani, Azar Bigdeli, Soroush Esfahani, Sabai Kashani and Fethullah Khan Shibani), tries to avoid common generalizations regarding the similarity of the poetry of the poets of the period of return to the poetry of the poets of the previous styles, by presenting accurate statistics and It is clear about the amount of use of individual and combined artistic structures by each poet, apart from determining the level and quality of the structure of the images in terms of simplicity or complexity, by comparing the geometry of the images of the sonnets of the poets of this literary school with the structure of the images of the Iraqi and Indian style poets. The results of this research show that as we move away from the Indian style (and the Safavi era) and get closer to the Qajar period, the number of composite artworks and the percentage of complexity of the images decrease and the scale of individual artworks and images decreases. It is simply added; For example, the structure of Mushtaq's lyrical images (the first and closest poet of this research to the Indian style) is different from the geometry of other poets' lyrical images of this movement and is placed in the same line as the structure of Iraqi style images, but the structure of lyrical images Shibani's poems are much simpler than the structure of the images of other poets of this movement, as well as Iraqi and Indian poets.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

- Arinpour, Yahya (1971), From Saba to Nima, Tehran: Habibi Books Co.
- Awadpour, Simin and Mahmoudi, Ali-Asghar (2016), Imaginations in Hatef Esfahani's Ghazliat, Persian Literature Journal of Mashhad Azad University, No. 53, pp. 115-132.
– Azar Begdali, Lotf Ali Beyg (1987), Divan Azar Begdali, with the efforts of Hasan-Sadat Naseri and Gholamhossein Begdali, Tehran: Scientific Printing House (Javidan).
- Bavanpuri, Masoud (2018), The influence of the Holy Quran on Hatef Esfahani's poetry, two terminologies of Persian language and literature of the Islamic Azad University of Fasa, year 10, number 2 (21 series), pp: 49-61.
- Bastami Foroughi (1997), Diwan, with the efforts of Hamidreza Qalichkhani, with an introduction by Saeed Nafisi, published by Rozeneh.
- Ebrahimi, Mukhtar (2012), Shirazi's Qaani in the return school in the Qajar period, Scientific research journal of Persian language and literature (literature and mysticism), 4 (14), 45-62.
- Jafari Amirabad, Soghari (2014), stylistic analysis of Hatef Esfahani's sonnets, master's thesis, supervisor Asgar Salahi, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ardabili Research University.
- Jahani, Mohammadtaghi and Jafarzadeh, Sosan (2019), stylistic analysis (literary level) in the poems of Fath Ali Khan Sabai Kashani, the 6th National Conference of Modern Researches in the Field of Iranian Language and Literature, Tehran: https:// civilica.com/doc/1042109.
- HaghJo, Siavash (2013), the side of occurrence and unknown literary techniques, Literary Essays Quarterly, (8), Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch.
- HaghJo, Siavashand Mustafa Mirdar Rezaei (2017), "Examination of one of the ways of alienation in Indian style (case study: Saeb's poems)", Scientific Quarterly Literary techniques research of Isfahan University. 10th year Number 1 (consecutive 22). pp.: 50-70.
-HaghJo, Siavashand Mustafa Mirdar Rezaei (2013), a type of Amighi irony in Saeb's Ghazal, Scientific Quarterly Literary techniques research of Isfahan University, (6) 2, 69-84.
- Hasanpour-Alashti, Hossein (2004), Tarz-Taze, Tehran: Sokhon Publications.
- Hasanpour-Alashti, Hossein, Mirdar Rezaei, Mostafa and Raheel Mohammadi Deh-Abbasani (2017), Investigating the role of irony-based tricks in depicting the excellence of Naftha Al-Masdoor's oil paintings, Magazine Scientific-Research Journal of Rhetorical Language Studies of Semnan University, 9 (17), pp. 107-140.
- Hatef Esfahani, Seyed Ahmad (1983), Hatef Esfahani's Diwan Kilat (including poems, sonnets, tarjiyats, and masnaviyats), with corrections and an introduction by Mohammad Abbasi, Tehran: Fakhr Razi Bookstore.
- Khatami, Ahmed (1992), a research on Indian style and the period of literary return, Tehran: Baharestan.
- Khatami, Ahmed (1994), History of Iranian Literature in the Period of Literary Return, Volume II, Tehran: Paya Cultural and Publishing Institute.
- Mahjoub, Mohammad Jaafar (1971), Khorasani style in Persian poetry: a survey of stylistic coordinates of Persian poetry from the beginning of its emergence to the end of the fifth century AH, Tehran: Danesh Sarai Aali.
- Mahmoudi, Mandana (2012), Research in Divan Mushtaq Isfahani, Master's Thesis, Supervisor: Ateke Official, Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences.
- Moradi, Mansoure (2008), review of Soroush Esfahani's poetry style, master's thesis in Persian language and literature, under the guidance of Gholamreza Mostali Parsa, Faculty of Literature and Foreign Languages, Allameh Tabatabai University.
- Mushtaq Esfahani (1941), Divan Mushtaq, edited and corrected by Hossein Makki, first edition, Tehran: Marvoj book store.
- Mirdarrezaei, Mostafa (2013), dimensions of irony in Saeb's poetry, master's thesis, under the guidance of Dr. Siavash Haqjo, Mazandaran University.
- Mirdarrezaei, Mostafa- (2017), the process of image formation and evolution in Persian poetry, doctoral thesis, under the guidance of Dr. Siavash Haqjo, Mazandaran University.
- Mirdarrezaei, Mostafa (2021), the insufficiency of traditional expression in the analysis of the geometry of images in Bidel's poem, biannual scientific research journal of Persian language and literature of Khwarazmi University, (29) 90, pp. : 247-269.
- Mirdarrezaei, Mostafa and Siavash Haq-jo (2019), comparative stylistics of the Masnavis of the Tragedy-Name and the logic of Al-Tir Attar and the Masnavi of Manavi (a case study) : Poetry techniques), scientific-research journal of linguistic-rhetorical studies of Semnan University, year 11, number 21, pp: 387-414.
- Ripka, Yan (2004), History of Iranian Literature, first volume, translated by Dr. Abolqasem Sari, Tehran: Sokhn Publications.
- Shujiei, Puran (Bita), Persian poetry style in different eras in Khorasani style, Shiraz.
- Soroush Esfahani, Mirza Mohammad Ali Khan (1960), Soroush Esfahani Diwan, with an introduction by Jalal al-Din Humai, edited by Mohammad Jaafar Mahjoub, first volume, Tehran: Amir Kabir Publications.
- Shafi'i Kodkani, Mohammadreza (1999), Persian poetry eras, translated by Hojatullah Asil, Tehran: Ni.
- Shams Langroudi, Mohammad (1993), School of Return: A Review of Poetry of the Afsharia, Zandiye, Qajar Periods, Tehran: Author's Publishing.
- Shamisa, Siros (2003), poetry stylistics, 6th edition, Tehran: Ferdowsi Publications.
- shibani, Fathullah Khan (2013), the works of Fathullah Khan Shibani, edited by Alireza Shanzari, Tehran: Written Heritage.
- Saeed, Mohammad Ali (1998), a comparative look at the sonnets of Saeb and Mushtaq (Return?!), Farhang Isfahan, No. 7 and 8, pp. 111-123.
- Saba, Mohammad Moz Farahsin (1964), Rooz Roshan's Tazkira, edited and revised by Mohammad Moz Farahsin, Tehran: Razi.
- Saba, FathAli Khan (1962), Diwan Melk Al Shaara Fath Ali Khan Saba, corrected and endeavored by Mohammad Ali Nejati, Tehran: Sepehr Printing House.
- TajrobeKar, Nusrat (1971), Poetry Style in the Qajar Era, Mashhad: Tos Publications.
- Zarrein Koob, Abdul Hossein (2004), from Iran's literary past, second edition, Tehran: Sokhn.
The Journal Of Linguistic and Rhetorical Studies
Volume 15, Issue 35
May 2024
Pages 158-184

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics