Analysis of Representation of Gender Ideology in Stylistic Layers of Personal Persian Elegies

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. student, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran

Abstract

The representation of gender ideology is to show the author's gender world (beliefs, customs and traditions, behavioral acts expected from both sexes, distribution of power between the two sexes) either from a position of agreement with the dominant discourse of the society or from a critical point of view in the text. The main objective of this research is the analysis of the representation of gender ideology in the stylistic layers of the personal elegies of Persian-speaking male and female poets. The representation of poet's individuality (self) in personal elegies makes it feasible to study author's identity, for instance in terms of gender. This study was conducted via a combined research method (descriptive-statistical-comparative analysis), employing layered stylistics as the theoretical basis. The following results were obtained from this research (in three lexical, syntactic and rhetorical layers). Symbols indicating submission and satisfaction, short and discrete sentences and emotional and sensory rhetorical devices are   used more often in the elegiac writing of female author to reflect the concepts of acceptance of fate, internalization of gender role and status, as well as oppression and inferiority, in line with the dominant discourse. The ideology represented in the personal elegies of male authors indicates authoritative protest and overbearing authoritarianism. Compared to women's emotional emotions that can be found in their declarative and emotional speech acts and short and discrete elegiac sentences, men have reflected more logical reflections with long continuous sentences, persuasive speech acts and more rhetorical tools.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

-Barnett, R. C., Marshall, N. L., Raudenbush, S. W., & Brennan, R. T (1993).» Gender and the relationship between job experiences and psychological distress: A study of dual-career couples«. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 794-806.
-Brinton, L. J. (2000). the Structure Ols Modern English: A linguistic in troduction. Vo 1.1. Co, Amsterdam.   
-Brown, G and Yule G. (1993) Discourse AnalysisCambridge : Cambridge university Press.
-Fawcett, P. (2001). Ideology and translation. In Baker, M., (Ed.), Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies, (pp. 106- 110). London: Routledge.
-Hall, S. (Ed.) (1997). Representation, Cultural Representation and Signifying Practices. London: Sage Publications.
-Kress, G. & van Leeowen, T. (2006). Reading Images, the Grammar of Visual Design. Taylor and Francis E-Library.
-Leech, Geoffrey. (2013) Language in Literature: Style and Foregrounding, London and New York, Routledge. Longman Group Ltd.
-Mills, S. (1994). Gendering the Reader. Hemel stated: Harvested wheat sheaf.
-Poythress, V. R. (2008).» Canon and Speech Act: Limitation in Speech at Theory, with Implication for a putative Theory«. West Minster theoretical journal. 70. Pp. 337-354.
-Searle, J. R. (1979). Expresstion and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of  Speech Acts, Cambridge: Cambridge University press.
-Simpson, Paul. (2004). Stylistics: A Resourse Book for Students, London and New York, Routledge.
-Verdonk, Peter. (2002) .Stylistics, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
-Weedon, C. (1997). Feminist Practice and Poststructuralist Theory. Second edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
-Agha Golzadeh, Ferdous, (2002), comparison and critique of Kurdish word analysis and critical word analysis in production and understanding. PhD thesis, University of Tehran, Tarbiat Modares.
-Damali Amiri, Mehdi, (2001), the crystallization of ideology and power in Kalam, a critical analysis of media news. Master's Thesis, Research Institute of Humanities.
-Ehsani Estehbanati, Mohammad Amin, Inayatullah Sharifpour and Mohammad Reza Sarfi, (2022), "description of the linguistic features of Ahmed Matar's humor and rhetorical elements in the humor of Abolqasem Halat ", Linguistic and Rhetorical Studies Quarterly, year 13, number 27, pp. 31- 60.
-Emad Khorasani, Seyyed Amaluddin, (1983), Divan of Poems, Tehran: Javidan.
-Fatuhi, Mahmoud, (2012), stylistics of theories, approaches and methods, Tehran: Sokhn.
-Hatef Esfahani, Seyyed Ahmad, (1996), Divan, revised by Iqbal Ashtiani, third edition, Tehran: Nobahar.
-Hawkes, Trans, (1998), Metaphor, translated by Farzaneh Taheri, Tehran: Center.
-Hijazi, Banafsheh, (2017), polite women, the history of Iranian women's poetry and literature from the beginning to 1320, Tehran: Qaseida Sera.
-Hinik , Natalie, (1999), Sociology of Art, translated by Abdul Heisan Nik Gohar, Tehran: Age Publishing House.
-Holmes, Mary, (2010), Gender in Everyday Life, translated by Mohammad Mahdi Labibi, Tehran: Naqd Afkar.
-Jahan Malik Khatun, (1995), Diwan, corrected by Purandakht Kashani Rad and Kamel Ahmadnejad, Tehran: Zovar.
-Jurjani, Abdul Qahir, (471 AH), Reasons of Ejaz, revised by Seyyed Rashid Reza, Cairo, Darul Manar, 1372 AH. The fifth edition.
-Khajawi Kermani, Kamaluddin Abul Ata, (1995), Diwan, corrected by Saeed Qanei, Tehran: Behzad.
-Khaqani Sherwani, Afzaluddin Badil bin Ali, (1996), Chamehs and the -composition of clauses, corrected by Mir Jalaluddin Kezazi, Tehran: Nash-e-Karzan.
-Longinus, (2000), about the glory of speech, translated by Reza Seyed Hosseini, Tehran: Negah.
-Qaim Maqami, Alamtaj, (1995), Divan Jhaleh, edited by Ahmad Karmi, Tehran: Ma Publications.
-Safavi, Koresh, (2004), semantics, Tehran: Surah Mehr.
-Sanai Ghaznavi, Abu al-Jadod Majdod bin Adam, (1962), Divan, Modares Razavi, Tehran: Etihad.
-Shahryar, Mohammad Hossein, (2010), Divan, second volume, forty-third edition, Tehran: Negah.
 -Sharifi, Seyed Kamal, Narges Eskoui, and Hossein Dadashi, (2022), "stylistic analysis of Magdiya treatise, Linguistic and Rhetorical Studies Quarterly", year 13, number 28, pp. 133-158.
-Vathiq, Mansoureh, (2017), Elegiac Women and Ritual and Mystical Poetes of Azerbaijan, Tehran: Safir Ardal.
-Wolff, Gennett, (1988), Social Production of Art, translated by Naira Tavakoli, Tehran: Nahr-e-Karzan.
The Journal Of Linguistic and Rhetorical Studies
Volume 14, Issue 34
January 2024
Pages 249-274

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics