Kissing the Church Bell or Ringing the Church Bell? (About a verse of the ode of “Tarsaeiyeh”)

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Arak University, Arak, Iran.

Abstract

The famous ode of “Tarsaeiyeh” contains a verse that has puzzled the commentators and proofreaders of Khaqani's collection of poems. The main complexity of the verse in question is the reference that "kissing the church bell" has the ironic meaning of becoming an infidel and leaving the religion of Islam.
The main problem in Khaqani's verse is that "kissing the church bell" does not occur in any of the old texts, and unlike kissing the crucifix, "kissing the church bell" was never widespread in Christianity; In addition to the various statements of the commentators of Khaqani's collection of poems, two detailed articles have exclusively dealt with this topic; the first article is about the proposal to correct "Kissing the church bell" to "Drinking the church bell" and the second defends the authenticity of the recording of "kissing the church bell" and rejects the first article. Of course, there is no authentic textual evidence for "kissing the church bell" and "drinking the church bell" in either article. In this study, based on some evidence from Khaqani's collection of poems and other works of Persian literature, it is shown that "I kiss the church bell" in Persian (ناقوس بوسم) in Khaqani's collection of poems is the result of a pun on the "I knock the church bell "in Persian (ناقوس کوبم). In the old spelling, sometimes the writers did not put the stroke of "ک" and "گ"; so the phonemes were easily converted to "ب" and "ت" etc. In another part of the article, "the bell of Magi " is explained and shown that, in Zoroastrian, "the striking of the mortar," was considered as a call to prayer and a sign of invitation to participate in religious ceremonies. Thus, by assigning the bell to Magi, no heresy has taken place, and only the conversion of a proper noun into a common noun has occurred.

Keywords

References

-Arian, Qamar (1960), "Dictionary of the Religion of Christ in Persian", Farhang Iran Zameen, No. 8 (28 pages - from 221 to 248).
-Ashrafzadeh, Reza (1991), Navadar Culture and Words and Compositions of Attar Neyshabouri's Works, Mashhad: Astan Qods Razavi.
- Emami, Nasrollah and Rezaei, Bahman (2015), "Kissing the Bell in Tarsaiye Khaqani's Poem", Poetry Research Magazine, Year 8, Number 1, pp. 25-40.
-Avesta (2014), report by Ebrahim Pourdavoud and James Darmstetter, Tehran: Negah.
-Arif Ardabili (1976), Farhadnameh, corrected by Abdolreza Azar, Tehran: Farhang Iran Foundation.
- Atighi Tabrizi, Jalaluddin Abdul Hamid (2012), Majlis, corrected by Saeed Karimi, Tehran: Written Heritage.
-Attar Neishabouri, Mohammad bin Ibrahim (2013), Manteghol teyr, edited by Mohammad Reza Shafiei Kodkani, Tehran: Sokhan.
- Farooqi, Ebrahim Qavam (2005), Sharafnameh Manyari, edited by Hakimeh Dabiran, Tehran: Research Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies.
- Badlisi, Sharafkhan bin Shamsuddin (1998), Sharafnameh, detailed history of Kurdistan, edited by Vladimir Veliaminov Zarnov, Tehran: Asatir.
-Balkhi, Amr bin Mahmoud (1983), Maghamati Hamidi, edited by Ali Akbar Abarqoui, Tehran: International Translation and Publishing Cooperative Company.
-Dalvand, Yaser (2017), "A Few Rules in Discovering the Spelling of Texts", Aine Al-Rasg, Volume 16, Number 62, pp. 185-214.
-Dostkhah, Jalil (2006), report and research on Avesta Farsi, Tehran: Marwarid.
- Dehkhoda et al. (1998), Dictionary, Tehran: University of Tehran.
-Gorgani, Fakhruddin Asad (1998), Weiss and Ramin, corrected by Mohammad Roshan, Tehran: Contemporary Sound.
- Parsa, Syed Ahmad (2006), "Correcting Two Tashifs in Khaqani's Divan", Journal of Faculty of Literature and Humanities of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, No. 21, Series 18, pp. 1-15.
- Saghri, Emad Bin Mohammad (2006), Parrot Letter; Javaher al-Asmar, corrected by Shams al-Ahmad, Tehran: Ferdous.
-Torki, Mohammad Reza (2018), Sarre Sokhnan Naghz Khaqani, Tehran: Samt.
-Tiflisi, Abolfazl Hobaysh bin Ibrahim (2014), Kamel al-Taabeer, corrected by Mokhtar Komeyli, Tehran: Written Heritage.
-Hamdani, Rashid al-Din Fazlullah (2013), Jame al-Tavarikh, edited by Mohammad Roshan, Tehran: Written Heritage
-Hamdani, Abdul Wahab bin Jalaluddin Mohammad (2013), Sawaqib al-Manaqib, corrected by Aref Noshahi, Tehran: Written Heritage.
-Hamgar, Majaduddin (1996), Divan, corrected by Ahmad Karmi, Tehran: Ma.
-Hazin Lahiji, Mohammad Ali (1983), Divan, edited by Bijan Targhee, Tehran: Khayyam.
- Ibn Ebad, Sahib (1974), Diwan, research of Sheikh Muhammad Hassan Al Yassin, Beirut: Dar Al Alam.
- Imani, Behrouz (2009), "Collection of Quatrains (the oldest Persian quatrains)", Uraq Atiq publication, Vol. 1, pp. 54-18.
-Jangnameh of Keshm and Jaronnameh (2016), unknown composer, by the efforts of Mohammad Baqer Vothouqi and Abdolrasoul Khayrandish, Tehran: Written Heritage
-Kazzazi, Mirjalaluddin (1997), Suzan Isa, Tehran: Allameh Tabatabai University.
-Kazzazi, Mirjalaluddin (2010), report on the difficulties of the Khaqani court, Tehran: Center.
 
 -Khanlari, Parviz Natel (1986), History of the Persian language, Tehran: New Publishing.
- Khajoo Kermani (1957), Divan, edited by Ahmad Soheyli Khansari, Tehran: Barani and Mahmoudi bookshop.
- Khandamir, Ghiyath al-Din bin Hamam al-Din (2001), Habib al-Sir, edited by Mohammad Dabirsiyaghi, Tehran: Khayyam.
-Lahori, Mulla Abdul Hameed (1867), Badshahnameh, edited by Maulvi Kabiruddin Ahmad and Maulvi Abdul Harim Magladin, Calcutta: Paris College.
Mahyar, Abbas (2009), Malek Sokhon; Commentary on Khaqani's poems, Tehran: Sokhan.
-Mahyar, Abbas (1994), selection of Khaqani's poems, Tehran: Drop.
- Moezzi, Mohammad bin Abdul Malek (2010), Diwan, edited by Abbas Iqbal, Tehran: Asatir.
- Moein, Mohammad (1975), Mohammad Moein's Notes on Khaqani Poems, collected and edited by Ziauddin Sajjadi, Tehran: Association of Persian Language and Literature Teachers.
-Moein, Mohammad (1947), Mazdayasna and its influence in Persian literature, Tehran: Tehran University Press.
- Mashhadi, Amir and Mehrsarshtan, Parvaneh (2022), "Literary highlighting of (similar) word pairs in Khosrow and Shirin Nizami", Journal of Linguistic and Rhetorical Studies of Semnan University, Volume 13, Number 30, pp. 295-318.
- Mowlavi, Jalaluddin Mohammad (1984), Kolliyat Shams, corrected by Badi al-Zaman Forozanfar, Tehran: Amir Kabir.
- Mirtaqi al-Din Kashani (2013), Compendium of Poems and Zobdeh al-Afkar, Khorasan section, edited by Abdul Ali Adib Borumand and Mohammad Hossein Nasiri, Tehran: Written Heritage.
- Mirtaghi al-Din Kashani (2015), Compendium of Poems and Zebdeh al-Afkar, Tabriz and Azarbaijan section, edited by Ruqiyeh Bayram Haghighi, Tehran: Heritage of the Book.
-Mirdamad, Mohammad Bagharban Mohammad (2006), Diwan Eshraq, foreword by Joya Jahanbakhsh, compiled by: Samira Poustindouz, Tehran: Written Heritage.
-Minorsky, Vladimir (1969), description of Khaqani's ode Tarsaiyeh, translated and edited by Abdul Hossein Zarinkoub, Tabriz: Soroush.
- Nasser Khosrow Qobadiani (2004), Diwan, edited by Mojtaba Minavi and Mahdi Mohaghegh, Tehran: University of Tehran.
-Nowrouzi, Yaqoub (2019), "Literary and rhetorical characteristics of poets and measuring the authenticity of transcription recordings based on it (case study: Diwan Khaqani)", Journal of Linguistic and Rhetorical Studies of Semnan University, Volume 11, Number 21, pp. 470-445.
- Owhadi Belyani, Taqiuddin Mohammad (2010), Arafat al-Ashqin and Arasat al-Arifin, corrected by: Zabihullah Sahibkari, Amina Fakhrahamd with the scientific supervision of Mohammad Kahraman, Tehran: Written Heritage.
-Qazvini, Mohammad (2008), Qazvini's Notes, by Iraj Afshar, Tehran: University of Tehran.
- Razi, Amin Ahmad (BiTA), Haft eghlim, research by Javad Fazel, Tehran: Ali Akbar Elmi.
- Sirafi, Suleiman (2012), The Chronicles of Al-Sain and Al-Hind, translated by Hossein Qarchanlou, Tehran: Asatir.
- Shafi'i Kadkani, Mohammad Reza (1998), "The Magic of Proximity", Bukhara, No. 2, pp. 16-26.
- Shafi'i Kadkani, Mohammad Reza (2004), music of poetry, Tehran: Agah.
-Shirvani, Haj Zain al-Abidin (1984), Bostan al-Siyaha, Tehran: Sanai Library.
The Journal Of Linguistic and Rhetorical Studies
Volume 14, Issue 34
January 2024
Pages 193-212

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics