Oparliamentarians, Where is the Way of the Tavern? (The Art of Opposition in Saadi's sonnet)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Bu ali sina University. Hamadan.Iran

2 Bu ali sina university. Hamadan. Iran

Abstract

In Saadi's sonnets, there are extensive, artistic, and various manifestations of binary oppositions. These oppositions have been examined in three levels of word, sentence, and sonnet structure. In the present study, Saadi's lexical binary oppositions have been investigated in three categories: linguistic, literary, and semantic. Combining linguistic contrast with verbal arrays, in addition to enhancing the music of the speech, has given Saadi's oppositions a stylistic characterization. Literary oppositions have been detailed in three sections: allusive oppositions, appropriateness oppositions, and preferential simile. Saadi expresses his views on love and the beloved, the norms of society, and some social groups such as the pious, the Sufis, and the Rendans, using all kinds of semantic confrontations and his special tricks in applying them. Saadi's Satisfaction and submission to God, on the one hand, and his efforts to defend love and aesthetics, on the other, have led to an issue entitled "Transform and Eliminate of oppositions" in the mental system and poems of this poet. In the present study, Saadi's different and specific view of oppositions is examined and analyzed. The basis of the research is the study of all Saadi lyric poems in the prescription of Mohammad Ali Foroughi.

Keywords


- Ahmadi, Babak. (2015/1393SH). “ Structure and Hermeneutics ” (Sāxtār va hermenotik). Tehran:Gāme now.
- Bressler, Charles. (2008/1386SH(. “ Literrary Criticism an Introduction to Theory and Practice ” (Darāmadi bar nazariye-hā va raveš-hā-ye naqde adabi). Tr. By: Mostafā ābedini fard. Tehrān: Nilūfar.
- Bābāxani, Tāhereh; Heydari, Ali; Sepahvandi, Masūd. (2020/1399SH). “Cohesion in Moghanehee Distiches of Khaghni and Hafez Based on Halliday’s Systemic Functional Theory ” (Ensejām dar adabiyāte moghānehee khaghani va hāfez bar asāse olgūye nezām-man­­-de hallidi). Journal of Linguistic and Rhetorical Studies. Vol. 11. Issue 22. Fall and Summer. Pp. 71-108.
- Pūrnāmdāriyān, Taqi. (2005/1384). “Lost beside the sea” (Gomšode-ye Labe Darya). Tehrān:Soxan.
-Jabri, Sūsan. (2012/1391SH). “The Criticism of Artistic Aesthetics of Literary Texts” (Naqde zibāee-šenasi-ye honari dar matne adabi). Journal of Linguistic and Rhetorical Studies. Vol.3. Issue.5. Fall and Summer. Pp. 31-61.
- Chandler, Daniel. (2007/1386SH). “ Semiotics: The Basics” (Mabāniye nešāne-šenāsi). Tr. By: Mehdi pārsā. Tehrān: Sūreye mehr.
-Hafez, šams-ud-Dīn Moḥammad. (1990/1369SH). “Book of Poems ” (Divān). With the Effort of: Mūhammad qazvini & Qāseme qanni. Tehrān: Zavvār.
- Hossein-pūr Alašti, Hossein. (2002/1381SH). “ Xerqeh, Ethics, Appearance and Its evolution” (Xerqeh, Aeen, Peyda-yesh va tahav-vole ān). Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol.2. Issue 6&7. Pp. 67-97.
- Hosseini, Mostafā. (2011/1390SH). “ Implicit meaning  and Its importance in poetry” (ma’nāye zemni va ahammiyate ān dar še’r). Comparative Linguistics. Issue.1. Pp. 139-147.
- Dast-qeyb, Ab-dol Ali. (2011/1390SH). “ The structure of Saadi's sonnets” (Sāxtāre qazal-hā-ye saadi). With the Effort of: Kūroše kamāliye sarvestāni. Saadi Studies Center. Vol.14. Pp. 45-62.
-Dehqān-zādeh, Akram; Ahmad-xani, Mohammad reza; Yūsefiye-rad, Fātemeh. (2016/1395SH). “Comparative study of evaluation language from the perspective of role orientation in Persian and English” (Barresiye tatbiqiye arzyābiye az didgāhe naqšgarāee dar zābāne fārsi va englisi). Journal of Comparative Literature. Vol.8. Issue. 14. Spring and Summer. Pp. 1-22.
- Zarrin-kūb Ab-dol hossein. (2000/1379SH). “Saadi's beautiful Speech” (hadise xoše saadi). Tehrān:Soxan.
- Sāsāni, Farhād. (2010/1389SH). “In search of meaning: Towards social semiotics” (Ma’nā-kāvi: Be sūye nešane-šenāsi-ye ejtemāee). Tehran: Elm.
- Saadi, Mosleh-ebn-abdollah. (2003/1382SH). “Saadi's sonnets” (Qazaliyāte saadi).  Based on edited version By: Mohammad ali forūqi. Tehrān:Qoqnūs.
- Shafieeye-kadkani, Mohammad reza. (2006/1385SH). “Xerqeh and Burning Xerqeh” (Xerqeh va xerqeh sūzi). Hafez Studies Center. With the Effort of: saeed niyāz-kermāni. 5th Edition. Tehrān: pāžang.
- Abdi-niya, Mohammad amir; Dalāi-milān, Ali. (2009/1388SH). “ The study of binary oppositions in the structure of Sanāi Hadiqeh” (Barresiye taqābol-hā-ye do-gāneh dar sāxtāre hadiqeye sannāi). Scientific-Research Quarterly Persian Language and Literature Research. Vol.13. Summer. Pp. 25-42.
- Fotūhi, Mahmūd. (2011/1390SH). “The magic of syntax in Saadi's sonnet” (Jādūye nahv dar qazale sa’di). Saadi Studies Center. With the Effort of: kamāliye sarvestāni. Vol.14. Pp. 159-171.
- Culler, Jonathan. (2003/1382SH). “Litrary theory” (Nazariyeye adabi). Tr. By: Farzāneh tāheri. Tehrān:Markaz.
- Movahhed ziya’. (2011/1390SH). “Saadi's sonnet music” (Mūsiqiye qazale sa’di). Saadi Studies Center. With the Effort of: kamāliye sarvestāni. Vol.14. Pp.9-17.
- Movahhed ziya’, (2013/1392SH). “Saadi” (sa’di). Tehrān: nilūfar.
- Vejdāni, Farideh. (2009/1388SH). “A critique of Hafez's attribution to the manner of Malāmatiyeh” (Naqdi bar entesābe hāfez be tariqeye malāmat). Journal of the Faculty of Literature and Humanities. Vol.17. Issue.64. Pp. 171-191.
- Vahidiyāne-kāmyār, Taqi. (2000/1379SH). “Noveltly from an aesthetic point of view” (Badi’ az didgāhe zibāee-šenasi). Tehran:dūstān.
- Hojviri, Ali-ebn-osmān. (2007/1386SH). “Kašf-al-mahjūb” (Kašf al mahjūb). Eddition By: Mahmūd Abedi. 3rd ed. Tehrān:Sorūš.
- Yūsofi, Qolām hossein. (1992/1371SH). “Bright Fountain/ Meeting with poets” (chešmeye rošan / didari ba šaerān). Tehrān:Elmi.