The Evaluative Semantics Model: A New Approach in CDA of Journalistic Discourse

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Tarbian Modarres University

Abstract

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), an approach rooted in critical linguistics movement of 1970s, is a fruitful framework for analyzing journalistic discourse and crystalizing power and ideological relations behind the media. News analysis has been known as one of the most frequent trends within CDA.  In this article, a new theoretical framework for news analysis, known as evaluative semantics (White, 2006), has been introduced. This framework is essentially a semantic one and influential in analyzing news from a new perspective. In this research, besides introducing the above-mentioned model, a sample news text taken from the Washington Post about Iran’s nuclear dossier has been analyzed. The main aim of this research is to study major features of this framework and to scrutinize the potential value it adds to CDA analysis of news texts. Therefore, it is recommended that evaluative semantics model (White, 2006) is competent in adding new areas of research into media analysis within CDA general approach, considering features such as affect, judgment and appreciation in news texts , and clarifying some hidden aspects of media products. The findings of this research can be both inspiring for CDA researchers and unveiling some linguistic and semantic aspects of Western media against Iran’s nuclear dossier. Considering the growing prominence of CDA in text analysis, introducing new trends such as one represented in this article can pave the way for further studies.

Keywords


-­ آقاگل‌زاده، فردوس (1385)، تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی، تهران: انتشارات علمی و فرهنگی.
آقاگل‌زاده، فردوس و دیگران (1391)، انگاره زبان‌شناختی نگارش و گزینش خبر: رویکرد تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی، فصلنامه جستارهای زبانی، 3(4)، 25-42.
-­ آقاگل زاده، فردوس و خیرآبادی (1393)، زبانشناسی خبر، تهران: انتشارات علمی.
- سلطانی، سید علی‌اصغر (1383)،  قدرت،گفتمان و زبان:  ساز و کارهای جریان قدرت در مطبوعات، رسالةدکتری. دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی.
- یار محمدی، لطف الله (1389)،ارتباطاتازمنظرگفتمان‌شناسی انتقادی. تهران: هرمس.
-Abdul Razzaq, S.K. (2012), Discourse Analysis of the Representation of Migrant Workers in the Star Online Newspaper, Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (AJHSS), 1(3), 114-131.
-Aghagolzade,F., Kheirabadi,R. (2008), A linguistic study of news values in Iranian press, The international journal of humanities  of the Islamic Republic of Iran:Tehran l15(1), 1-7.
-Allen, P. (2013), CDA approach to analysing BBC Television’s Newsnight reports on the Israel/Palestine conflict. MA, University of Leicester. MA TESOL and Applied
Linguistics.
-Bell, A. (1995), Language and the media, In Annual review of applied linguistics, 15, 23–41. Printed in USA. Copyright, Cambridge University Press.
-Bell, A. and Garrett, P. (1998), Media and Discourse: A Critical Overview, In Allan Bell, and Peter Garrett (Eds.): Approaches to media discourse, Oxford, Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 1,120.
-Dragaš, M. (2012). Gender Relations in Daily Newspaper Headlines: the Representation of Gender Inequality with Respect to the Media Representation of Women(Critical Discourse Analysis)Studia Humana , 1(2), 67—78.
-Fairclough, N. (1995), Media Discourse, London: Arnold.
-Dragaš, M. (2003), Analysing  discourse, London: Routledge.
-Dragaš, M. (1989,2001), Language and Power, London: Longman.
-Fowler, R (1991), Language in the news, London: Routledge.
-Halliday, M. A. K (1985), An introduction to functional grammar, Great Britain: Arnold.
-Kheirabadi, R. Aghagolzadeh, F (2012), Grice’ s Cooperative Maxims as Linguistic Criteria for News Selectivity, Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(3), 547-553.
-Kheirabadi, R. Aghagolzadeh, F(2012), A Discoursive Review of Galtung and Ruge’ s News Factors in Iranian Newspapers, Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(5), 989-994.
-Kheirabadi, R., Moghaddam, S. B. A (2012), The Linguistic Representation of Iranian and Western Actors of Iran’s Nuclear Program in International Media: A CDA Study, Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(10),2183-2188.
-Martin, J. R., White, P. R (2003), The language of evaluation, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
-Pang ,H., Wu, S (2009), Critical Instance Analysis of News English Discourse, English Language Teaching, l2(2).148-151.
-Trew, T (1979), What the newspapers say: Linguistic variation and ideological difference, In R. Fowler, R. Hodge, G. Kress, & T. Trew (Eds.), Language and control 117-156. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
-Van Dijk, T. A (1988), News as discourse. Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates.
-Van Dijk, T. A (1988), News analysis: Case studies of international and national news in the press, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
-Van Dijk, T.A., ed (1985a), Handbook of Discourse Analysis, 4 vols. London: Academic Press.
-Van Leeuwen; T (2008), Discourse and practice, New tools for critical discourse analysis. Oxford university press.
-White, P. R (2006), Evaluative semantics and ideological positioning in journalistic discourse, Mediating Ideology in Text and image: Ten critical studies. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 37-67.
-White, P. R(2000), Media objectivity and the rhetoric of news story structure, Language in Performance, 379-397.
-Zhang, M (2014), A Critical Discourse Analysis of Political News Reports, Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 4(11), 2273-2277.